CNC machine tool maintenance

CNC machine tool is a highly technologically advanced automated machine tool that integrates mechanical, electrical, and instrumentation. It integrates new technological achievements in various fields such as computer technology, automation technology, servo drive, precision measurement, and precision machinery, and is an emerging industrial control technology. Although different CNC systems have differences in structure and performance, they have commonalities in fault diagnosis. Now, based on practical work, we will discuss the general methods for fault analysis and maintenance of CNC systems.

1、 Classification of common faults in CNC machine tools

1. Deterministic fault

Deterministic faults refer to hardware damage in the control system host or faults that are inevitable for CNC machine tools as long as certain conditions are met. This type of fault phenomenon is common in CNC machine tools, but due to its certain regularity, it also brings convenience to maintenance. Deterministic faults are irreparable. Once a fault occurs, if it is not repaired, the machine tool will not automatically return to normal. However, as long as the root cause of the fault is identified, the machine tool can immediately return to normal after the repair is completed. Proper use and careful maintenance are important measures to prevent or avoid malfunctions.

2. Random fault

Random faults refer to faults that occur accidentally during the operation of CNC machine tools. The causes of these faults are relatively hidden and difficult to find their regularity, so they are often referred to as "soft faults". The analysis and diagnosis of random faults are relatively difficult. Generally speaking, the occurrence of faults is often related to the installation quality of components, parameter settings, quality of components, and incomplete software design There are many factors related to the impact of the working environment. Random faults have recoverability. After a fault occurs, the machine tool can usually be restored to normal through measures such as restarting, but the same fault may occur during operation.

Strengthening the maintenance and inspection of the CNC system, ensuring the sealing of the electrical box, reliable installation and connection, and correct grounding and shielding are important measures to reduce and avoid such faults.